Today's Ramble was lead
by Linda Chafin.
Here's the link to Don's Facebook album for today's Ramble.
(All the photos in this post are compliments of Don.)
Today's post was written
by Dale Hoyt and Don Hunter.
Nineteen Ramblers met
today – a cool summer morning!
Announcement: Hugh and Carol will be back in Athens on Tuesday,
June 21st. They and Linda will be honored at a reception and book signing at
the Garden, starting at 6:30 PM. They might be able to attend the Ramble on
Thursday, June 23rd. Carol is reported to be much better and walking without a
cane! That Thursday evening there will be a Cafe Au Libris author event at the
Athens Regional Library, 7:00 to 8:00 PM, with Hugh, Carol and Linda, so if you
missed an earlier opportunity for them to sign your book this would be your
last chance. (You did purchase the book (Field
Guide to the Wildflowers of Georgia), didn't you?)
Today's reading: Dale read an excerpt from Alison Hawthorne
Deming's essay, Field Notes on Culture,
Biology and Emergence, in Zoologies, 2014, Milkweed Editions, pp. 235-237.
(Note: she was this year's Georgia Review Earth Day speaker here at the
Botanical Garden on April 21.)
On a 2008 visit to the Cape Cod National
Seashore I heard a young naturalist speak about the condition of the piping
plover, a species that nests on the beaches in May and June. I'd become
interested after walking there and finding areas roped off for "bird
use," where plovers had scratched out tiny basins in the sand in which to
lay eggs perfectly camouflaged by the sand grains. The parent plovers worked
the tidal wash for prey; a pair of turkey vultures scanned the shore for a shot
at cleaning up. On Cape Cod this nesting behavior stirs up controversy akin to
the trouble roused in the Pacific Northwest by the northern spotted owl. Select
bumper stickers boast "Piping Plover: You Can't Eat Just One" and
"Piping Plover Tastes Like Chicken."
Cape Cod
fishermen pay dearly
for off-road permits to drive their Cherokees and Rams along
the beach and surfcast for bluefish and striped bass. Their beach roads
coincide with
the nesting ground. So
the fight is on—birds versus men—though in truth the fight is between one
group of citizens and another. I don't see why moderation cannot be a guide
here. That appears to have been the course taken by the U.S.
National Park Service with its gracefully worded
sign, "Bird Use Area,"
which prods the visitor to consider the motto "Land of Many Uses" as
incorporating the interests of species other than our own in our policies.
The lecturer, a young AmeriCorps volunteer doing
noble service on behalf of ecological integrity, had been
trained to foster audience participation. What I wanted were
the facts, the latest research, details about what was at stake
for the plovers and how they were doing against the human competition for beach
space. But I bowed to the process, with one random half of the
audience assigned to the "pro" plover position and the other half to
the "con." I was among the pros. No contest in my mind, though
I could not get anyone in my group to acknowledge that "all life
forms are sacred" was an argument worth holding up to the
policy fray. The cons argued "Why interfere with the natural process of
evolution?" holding forth that since we are the dominant predators and
since we have paid good money for our off-road-vehicle
permits, it is our right to unseat the nesters.
Our lecturer floated between the two groups.
One of our pro colleagues, wanting to find something tangible to hold up
against a fishing license, asked her, "Do they have a purpose? I mean, it
would be so much easier, if the plovers had a purpose."
Like what, I wondered? Pharmaceutical
production, or mosquito control, or the higher purpose that the religious see
in life? I know some people see in the science story a life without direction
or ethical dimension. Why are their actions what they are? What should their
actions be? The facts of life do not answer and the silence looms. I am not
among such people. For me, as for my mother, the facts of life are enough of a
miracle to induce religious feeling and a sense of purpose.
"No," our guide confided
apologetically to the plover pros. "That's the hard part. They really
don't."
I wanted to take her by the shoulders and
shake her loose from this capitulation to the forces of doom, but I understood
that my role here was not to be the hard hat but to understand how very far my
sympathies lay from the general drift of public sentiment.
"Of course they have a purpose," I
shouted into my inner megaphone. "Their purpose is to be piping plovers
and to make more piping plovers! That's a sacred calling. Life is its own
purpose." I remained silent, considering how terribly well my own species
had followed the dictates of this imperative to make more of itself. And I sat
in the sadness that the argument was not at all a simple one for this random
gathering of tourists assembled at the National Seashore on a May afternoon in
the first decade of the twenty-first century. If everything is sacred, then how
do we know which interests to protect? Our moral philosophy is not yet
sufficient to give us clear guidelines.
Today's route:
From the Arbor we took
the cement walkway to the Dunson Native Flora Garden, then through the DNFG to
the power line right-of-way, which we took to the river. Then right on the
White trail to the trail leading to the Mimsie Lanier Center for Native Plant
Studies from which we "hot-footed" it back to the parking lot.
On the way down the
walkway from the Arbor we passed an Eastern hemlock. This species has
been one of the dominant trees throughout the Southern Appalachian forests but in
the last 15-20 years it has been under attack by an imported pest: the Hemlock
wooly adelgid, a native of Asia. Adelgids are related to aphids and have a
similar life style. They feed on the host plant by plunging their sucking
mouthparts into its tissue, like a vampire with a straw. Once they have found a
host they begin reproducing parthenogenetically (reproduction that does not
require males; asexual reproduction). This mode of reproduction enables them to
increase rapidly in numbers and the combined activity of hundreds of thousands of
adelgids kills the host tree in as little as a year or two.
Hemlocks are a keystone
species, a species that dominates and affects the habitat of many other species
in their environment. When growing beside mountain streams their dense shade
keeps the water cool and the needles that fall from the trees alter the pH of
the water, making it more suitable for trout. When these trees die the entire aquatic
ecosystem is affected.
Currently only two
treatments for adelgids are possible: aerial spraying, which is not very
effective, and injection of individual trees with an insecticide, which is
expensive and must be repeated. Injection is something that homeowners can do
to save a few trees on their property, but is not a practical means of control
for the millions of Hemlocks growing in wild forest ecosystems.
There is a beetle in
Japan that feeds on adelgids. It is currently approved for biocontrol usage by
the USDA, but many problems stand in the way before it can be used: it must be
propagated in sufficient numbers to control the adelgid, it should be capable
of establishing itself in nature, and there should be no undesirable side
effects from its release North America. Until those obstacles are overcome we
can only stand by and watch while another grand American tree teeters on
extinction.
Across from the hemlock is
a large Bottlebrush buckeye with many flower buds that have not opened yet. It
has sent up a large number of stems that are spreading across the surrounding
area. This species is planted elsewhere in the garden – in the Heritage Garden
and in the Rain Garden on the drive in from Milledge Ave.
In the Dunson Native
Flora Garden (DNFG) Black cohosh is still blooming. For some mysterious
reason Don and Linda both smelled the plant and announced that it smelled like
corn meal.
I'm going to depart from
the usual chronological approach in this blog and organize what we saw around
some common themes. In addition, unless there is something interesting to say
about we see I'm just going to list them in the Summary of
Observed Species with no further mention.
Invertebrate animals:
George was our eagle-eye
today (as he often is). At the Arbor he noticed two Ginkgo leaves that were
sewn together by strands of silk. When we pulled them apart it there was a tiny
silken purse, perhaps a cocoon or a spider egg sac.
George also spotted two large
snails on the rock wall next to Linda as she was telling us about the
Hemlocks.
 | |
| Golden ragwort leaf with leaf mine |
In the DNFG the Golden
ragwort is long past blooming and most of their dandelion-like seeds have blown
away and the flowering stalks have withered away. All that remains are the
basal leaves that will persist through the winter to produce next spring's
flowers. Many of these dark green leaves have been attacked by leaf miners,
insects whose larvae feed on the lush green tissue of the leaf between the
upper and lower leaf epidermis. Their feeding activity produces a clearly
visible track as they wander through the leaf. As they grow in size the trail
they make gets wider, so you can see where they began and where they end. The
vast majority of leaf miners are either flies or small moths; over 10,000 leaf
mining species have been described world-wide. When the larva has reached the
size necessary for metamorphosis it either remains in the leaf or eats its way
out and drops into the leaf litter below. There, in the leaf or in the leaf
litter, it forms the pupal stage of development. The insect may emerge shortly
thereafter or they may overwinter and emerge the following spring, beginning
the life cycle over again.
 | |
| Oak apple gall |
Ronnie found something in
the DNFG that we haven't seen in a while: an Oak apple gall, usually
found on white oaks. This was an old one, probably from last year. The gall is
formed when an insect (in this case a wasp) lays an egg on the leaf. Something
the larva produces when the egg hatches causes the leaf to form this large,
spherical, almost hollow structure. Suspended inside in the center is the wasp
larva, far enough away from the surface that only parasitoids that have a long
enough ovipositor (an egg laying structure) can reach it.
 | |
| Large milkweed bug |
At the bottom of the DNFG
Don found a Large milkweed bug on the Purple milkweed.
 | |
| Eastern Leaf footed bugs |
On the yucca nearby there
was a congregation of mating Eastern Leaf footed bugs. During the
Ramble last Thursday, the yuccas were full of full, of beautiful flowers. Among
the crowd of mating bugs those with sharp eyes found tiny, orange bug nymphs.
Whether these are the young of the Leaf footed bugs we do not know.
At the edge of the path
in the power line ROW we spotted a basking Widow
skimmer dragonfly.
Usually very wary, this one allowed us to approach closely before flying away.
Many of the Ramblers were speculating about the color pattern on the wings.
Some thought that it made the dragonfly look like a butterfly and wondered if
it were actually mimicking one.
 | |
| Widow Skimmer dragonfly |
When you start to pay
closer attention to the natural world it is normal to be curious about the
things you see. Why does the dragonfly have dark patches at the base of its
wings? Why does a wingstem have "wings" on its stem? Often there are
no answers to such questions because we know so little about the organisms we
share the earth with. Much of the time the answer offered is a "Just so
story," a more or less plausible story that could account for the feature
in question. But it remains a story if it is not tested in some way. A
plausible story must remain an untested hypothesis until someone can devote the
time and effort to testing it.
Nearby the dragonfly was
a basking Pearl crescent butterfly that was more skittish than the
dragonfly and flew away before many of the ramblers could see it.
 | |
| Japanese beetle |
Once again Ronnie found
another interesting insect, a Japanese beetle, an introduced garden pest
that many Ramblers may be familiar with. It resembles a June bug, but differs in
several ways. It has a metallic coloration that shifts and changes, depending
on your angle of view. This is because the color is structural and not due to
any pigments. It is like the color of an oil slick on water, caused by the way
light waves are diffracted from the beetle's surface. Another characteristic is
the hind legs: when disturbed a Japanese beetle holds up its hindmost legs so
that they point upwards, making a V shape. Japanese beetles are in the Scarab
family, as are the June bugs that bump against your window screens at night.
Both kinds of beetles lay their eggs in the soil and the larvae, called grubs,
feed on the roots of grasses and other vegetation. Only when they become
numerous do they do any significant damage. But adult Japanese beetles are also
voracious consumer of vegetation. If their population is dense they can cause
considerable damage to garden vegetables and ornamentals.
Other animals
Someone spotted a "blue-tailed
skink" on a tree trunk. Without having the animal in hand it is very
difficult to precisely identify it because separating the species requires
finding small differences in the scale patterns. There are three different
skink species with blue tails in the Athens area. Only juveniles have the
yellow stripes and blue tails. As they grow older the body color becomes
grayish brown and the yellow stripes fade, as does the blue tail color. When
mature the males of all three species develop reddish-orange coloration on the
head and jaws. This coloration is especially prominent during the breeding
season. One of the three species climbs about in trees (is arboreal) and for
that reason I think the one we saw was a Broad-headed skink. The other
two species are the Five-lined skink and the Southeastern five-lined
skink. The latter two species are found primarily in the leaf litter or
under rocks and logs, almost never climbing trees.
What is the difference between a skink and a
lizard?
A skink is a kind
of lizard. There are three commonly seen lizards in the Athens area: skinks,
fence lizards, and the Green anole (also known as the American chameleon).
Anole can be pronounced either Ah-knoll
or Ah-know-lee). Skinks are smooth
scaled and can't change color (except as they age). Anoles have granular scales
and can change color from green to brown and vice versa. Male anoles have a
flap of skin under their chin that is colored red and can be displayed like a fan
when they tip their head up. Fence lizards are usually brown, with a darker
pattern on their back. They are flattened and have rough scales. They typically
are seen on fence posts, tree trunks or rocks. Mature males have blue throats
and blue patches on the sides of their abdomen.
Fruits
All those flowers that we
saw earlier this year have disappeared, to be replaced by developing fruits.
Botanically speaking, a fruit is "a
mature ripened ovary (or group of ovaries), containing the seeds, together with
any adjacent parts that may be fused with it at maturity." (Raven, et
al., Biology of Plants, 6th ed., 1999.) This definition covers all the things
you commonly think of as fruits and then some. For example the
"seeds" of Ashes and Maples are really fruits; the seed is contained
within the wing-like structure which is part of the ovary.
 | |
| Mayapple fruit (aphids on the stem) |
A few of the Mayapples
in the DNFG have fruits, the only edible portion of the plant (when it is ripe).
 | |
| Painted buckeye fruits |
One of the Painted
buckeyes in the DNFG is now bearing fruit. It will double in size when
fully matured.
 | |
| Goldenseal with fruits |
Also bearing fruits in
the DNFG is Goldenseal. It bears aggregate fruit, like raspberries;
single seeded fruits clustered together to make a single unit. It is bright red
when ripe, encouraging birds to eat it and fly away to deposit its seeds
elsewhere when they pass through the digestive tract
 | |
| Dwarf pawpaw fruits |
Even the Dwarf pawpaw
has produced some fruit.
Although this is not a
big year for Hophornbeam fruits we did find one in the DNFG that had an
infructescence (a collection of fruits) that looks like that of the Hop vine,
which is used in brewing beer.
 | |
| Sanicle fruits |
The sanicle plants
in the Dunson garden are now bearing burr-like fruits, usually in triplicate at
the ends of stems.
The Curly dock has
grown big and tall and the ovaries are developing a dark red brown color, each
fruit containing a single seed.
 | |
| American pokeweed (flowers to left; fruits to right) |
The inflorescence of American
pokeweed shows the transition from flower to fruit very nicely. The flowers
at the bottom of the inflorescence open first and, therefore, are the first to
develop into fruits. The younger flowers toward the top open later, so they are
awaiting pollen while the older flowers toward the base are becoming mature
fruits.
 | |
| Green ash samaras; dark brown seed is at one end. |
On the trail toward the
Mimsie Lanier Center we found the fruits of Green ash scattered all over
the ground. Like that of its Maple relatives, the Ash fruit is called a samara.
The seed is surrounded by a broad flat wing that develops from the wall of the
ovary. This wing enables the fruit to be carried away from its parent tree by
the wind. The fact that we had trouble locating the parent tree indicates how
effective this mode of seed dispersal is
Plants:
In the DNFG we found a Cinnamon
vine growing in a clump of Christmas ferns. This is not a native plant and
should be removed from the Dunson garden.
A Jack-in-the-pulpit with
five leaflets instead of the more typical three was seen in the DNFG. We have
seen this variant numerous times elsewhere in the garden. Linda observed that
she has never seen one of these five-leaved forms with a flower. Carol Gracie,
the author of Spring Wildflowers of the
Northeast, says (p. 104): "Rarely, an aberrant plant with more than
three leaflets is found." Although not common, we see plants with five
leaflets to often to call them rare.
When the American
sycamore initiates spring growth last year's bark is sloughed off in large
patches due to the increase in the tree's girth. Don picked up one large piece
of bark and found the grazing pattern of slugs in the algae that grow on the
bark.
 | |
| Oakleaf hydrangea; showy white bracts, tiny flowers below bracts |
The prominent white
"flowers" of Oakleaf hydrangea are like the Dogwood
"flowers" – they are bracts, not petals. Bracts are modified leaves
and in the case of Dogwoods, Poinsettias and the Oakleaf hydrangea they
function like petals – to attract insect pollinators. The tiny flowers of the
inflorescence are found below the showier bracts.
 | |
| Lizard tail inflorescence |
The Garden has worked
hard to get wetland species established in the little basin in the lower
section of the Dunson Garden and that hard work has produced its reward: Lizard
tails are blooming in profusion and a single Green pitcher plant has put up a
blossom. (Why this inflorescence resembles a lizard tail is a mystery. Whomever made up the common name had never seen a lizard.)
Last week's puzzle has
been solved. The Coneflower we couldn't confidently identify is Smooth
purple coneflower, an rare and endangered species found only in two
counties of NE Georgia.
Extrafloral nectaries are nectar-secreting structures that are not
located in flowers. Many plants have them and their function was a mystery for
many years. If the function of nectar is to attract pollinators, why should a
plant produce nectar anyplace besides a flower? It turned out that nectar
doesn't just serve as an attractant for pollinators. It also attracts
bodyguards – ants. It has been shown that ants protect plants with extrafloral
nectaries from herbivorous insects. When ants are excluded from such plants
they suffer larger amounts of damage to their leaves and fruits. In the course
of searching for extrafloral nectar the ants also attack and eat insect eggs
and larvae that the encounter. It's a win-win situation for both participants!
 | |
| Maryland senna compound leaf |
In the power line ROW Maryland
senna is not yet flowering. The plant has pinnately compound leaves with around
eight pairs of leaflets and is often but not always without a terminal leaflet.
At the base of each leaf is a pair of extrafloral nectaries.
Power line Right-of-Way:
 | |
| Indian heliotrope; scorpioid inflorescence |
We found several purple
flowered Indian heliotrope near the gravel parking area, as well as near
the Mimsie Lanier Center. At both locations they were growing in open grassy
areas. The heliotope has a scorpioid inflorescence. This refers to the
way in which the flowering stalk develops like a fern fiddlehead, tightly
coiled. As it matures it uncoils and at one point look something like the curved
tail of a scorpion, which is the meaning of the name.
Further down the ROW we
noticed many of the same galls we saw last week on the Tall goldenrod:
apical leaf galls and spherical galls on the stems. On one plant there were two
spherical galls only a few inches apart.
As you progress down the
ROW you pass the marshy area were we found frog eggs this spring. Here we see
sedges and rushes growing in profusion which always induces someone to repeat
the rhyme that helps us determine which is which:
Sedges have edges,
Rushes are round,
Grasses have joints,
All the way to the ground.
A lone example of Poison
hemlock was seen growing among the vegetation east of the ROW. This species
is in the carrot family which has a characteristic floral growth pattern called
an umbel. The tiny flower stalks all grow from a common point like the ribs of
an umbrella. The ends of the stalks bear tiny flowers and all the flowers of
the umbel form either a flat surface or a convexly curved surface. In some
cases each stalk terminates, not in a single flower, but in another umbel of
tiny flowers (Queen Anne's lace).
White Trail and Mimsie Lanier Center Connector
Trail:
We stopped to admire a HUGE
(sorry, Donald Trump) Trumpet creeper vine. It must have been growing
here for many years to reach its size.
 | |
| Cottonwood leaf |
We saw many Cottonwood
leaves on the ground. Their petioles are flattened and some had galls near
where the leaf blade arises. The flat petioles are characteristic of the poplar
genus (Populus), and cause the leaves
to tremble or quake with even a slight breeze. The poplar genus includes
Cottonwood, Quaking Aspen and true Poplars, but NOT the so-called Tulip Poplar (AKA
Yellow Poplar) which is in a completely different plant family.
We found Lady fern
near the deer fence. The latter had been heavily browsed by deer, which is
surprising because ferns are thought to be heavily protected by their
distasteful and toxic chemicals. But deer probably don't read the same books
and don't any better.
Mimsie Lanier Center for Native Plant Studies:
In the open area between the
deer fence and the center all of the following were seen blooming: Carolina
desert chicory, Tall coreopsis, Indian heliotrope, Field madder, Sow thistle,
Brazilian clover and Butterfly weed.
 | |
| Butterfly weed |
Butterfly-weed is unusual
in that is the only milkweed that doesn't have milky sap. The milky sap
contains latex, a natural rubber compound, as well as a number of nasty
compounds that make the plant poisonous or distasteful to many herbivores. Some
beetles, bugs and the caterpillars of some butterflies and moths are able to
feed on the plant, however.
Milkweed flower are, except for Orchids, the most complex. Pollen is not loose as in most other flowering plants. It is packaged into containers called pollenia, which are positioned so that an insect visiting the flower for nectar will contact the pollenia with its leg. When the next flower is visited the leg must slip down into contact with another part of the flower to be scraped off. Consult p. 46 of Linda's new book for more details.
Confusion about butterflies and their food plants. The term "food plant" is ambiguous
when referring to butterflies because the adults and the caterpillar feed very
differently. A caterpillar chews off pieces of its food plant and swallows
them. The adult butterfly cannot feed in this way. It has a tubular mouthpart
that works like a straw; it can only suck up liquids. For most butterflies this
means they feed on nectar produced by a flower. (Some adult butterflies do not consume
nectar, instead they feed on sap flows, fermenting fruits or even animal feces.
In all these cases they can only feed on liquid nourishment.) Adult butterflies
usually are not restricted to a single source of nectar – they can sip nectar
from any flower that their "tongue" can reach. Adult Monarchs, for
example, can obtain nectar from thistles and many other flowers in addition to
milkweeds. But Monarch caterpillars are restricted to eating milkweeds. So when
it is said the Monarchs are restricted to feeding on milkweeds it means that
the Monarch caterpillar can only feed on milkweeds. It would be clearer if
there was a different term to use and there is. The term "host plant"
means the plant species that the caterpillar can feed on. So when we say that
milkweeds are the host plants for Monarch butterflies it means that Monarch
caterpillars feed exclusively on milkweeds.
 | |
| Chinese wingnut tree |
At the edge of the field
our attention was caught by a large Chinese wingnut tree with a huge number of
long racemes bearing seeds.
SUMMARY OF OBSERVED SPECIES
|
Common Name
|
Scientific Name
|
|
Shade Garden
|
|
|
Eastern hemlock
Canadian hemlock |
Tsuga canadensis
|
|
Common garden snail
|
Cornu aspersum [?]
|
|
Bottle brush buckeye
|
Aesculus parviflora
|
|
Dunson Native Flora Garden
|
|
|
Black cohosh
|
Actaea racemosa
|
|
Golden ragwort leaf mines
|
Fly (Diptera) or Moth (Lepidoptera)
|
|
Cinnamon vine
|
Dioscorea oppositifolia
|
|
Ashes magnolia
|
Magnolia ashei
|
|
Jack-in-the-pulpit
|
Arisaema triphyllum
|
|
Goldenseal
|
Hydrastis canadensis
|
|
American sycamore
|
Platanus occidentalis
|
|
Leatherwood
|
Dirca palustris
|
|
Oakleaf hydrangea
|
Hydrangea quercifolia
|
|
Foamflower
|
Tiarella cordifolia
|
|
Sanicle
|
Sanicula canadensis
|
|
Dwarf pawpaw
|
Asimina pygmea
|
|
Mayapple
|
Podophyllum peltatum
|
|
Painted buckeye
|
Aesculus sylvatica
|
|
Lizard tail
|
Saururus cernuus
|
|
Green pitcher plant
|
Sarracenia oreophila
|
|
Stoke's aster
|
Stokesia laevis
|
|
Horsetails
|
Equisetum hyemale
|
|
Hophornbeam
|
Ostrya virginiana
|
|
Eastern leaf footed bug
|
Leptoglossus phyllopus
|
|
Longleaf pine
|
Pinus palustris
|
|
Smooth purple coneflower
|
Echinacea laevigata
|
|
Large milkweed bug
|
Oncopeltus fasciatus
|
|
Common elderberry
|
Sambucus nigra canadensis
|
|
Power line right-of-way
|
|
|
Widow Skimmer dragonfly
|
Libellula luctosa
|
|
Pearl crescent
|
Phyciodes tharos
|
|
Maryland senna
|
Senna marilandica
|
|
Turnsole/Indian heliptrope
|
Heliotropium indicum
|
|
Curly dock
|
Rumex crispus
|
|
Japanese beetle
|
Popillia japonica
|
|
Tall goldenrod
|
Solidago altissima
|
|
Poison hemlock
|
Conium maculatum
|
|
White trail
|
|
|
American pokeweed
|
Phytolacca americana
|
|
American toad
|
Bufo (Anaxyrus) americanus
|
|
Juvenile broadhead skink
|
Eumeces (Plestiodon) laticeps
|
|
Turkeytail mushroom
|
Trametes versicolor
|
|
Mimsie Lanier connector trail
|
|
|
Trumpet creeper vine
|
Campsis radicans
|
|
Green ash
|
Fraxinus pennsylvanica
|
|
Cottonwood
|
Populus deltoides
|
|
Sensitive fern
|
Onoclea sensibilis
|
|
Stinging nettle
|
Laportea canadensis
|
|
Mimsie Lanier Center field
|
|
|
Lady fern
|
Athyrium filix-femina
|
|
Carolina desert chicory
|
Pyrrhopappus carolinianus
|
|
Tall coreopsis
|
Coreopsis tripteris
|
|
Field madder
|
Sherardia arvensis
|
|
Sow thistle
|
Sonchus oleraceus
|
|
Brazilian clover
|
Richardia brasiliensis
|
|
Butterfly weed
|
Asclepias tuberosa
|
|
Chinese wingnut
|
Pterocarya stenoptera
|
|
Spiderwort
|
Tradescantia sp.
|
|
Mimsie Lanier Center roadside
|
|
|
Sensitive brier
|
Mimosa microphylla
|
|
Wild onion
|
Allum sp.
|
|
Paved
Road (between Dunson Garden and ROW)
|
|
|
Leather vasevine
|
Clematis viorna
|
|
Sundrops
|
Oenothera fruticosa
|
